线程安全

• 存在共享数据
• 存在多条线程共同操作这些共享数据

同一时刻必须只有一个线程操作共享数据，其他线程必须等其处理完之后，再进行操作

互斥锁

• 互斥性：同一时间只能有一个线程持有某个对象锁，从而实现多线程协调，从而同一时间只有一个线程对需要同步的代码块进行访问。
• 可见性：获得锁时获得最新共享变量的值

对象锁与类锁

• 获取对象锁的两种用法

  1、同步代码块：synchronized(this)

  2、同步非静态方法：synchronized method

• 获取类锁的两种方法

  1、同步代码块：synchronized(.class)

  2、同步静态方法：synchronized static method

package com.interview.javabasic.thread;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

public class SyncThread implements Runnable {

    @Override
    public void run() {
        String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
        if (threadName.startsWith("A")) {
            async();
        } else if (threadName.startsWith("B")) {
            syncObjectBlock1();
        } else if (threadName.startsWith("C")) {
            syncObjectMethod1();
        } else if (threadName.startsWith("D")) {
            syncClassBlock1();
        } else if (threadName.startsWith("E")) {
            syncClassMethod1();
        }

    }

    /**
     * 异步方法
     */
    private void async() {
        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "_Async_Start: " + new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "_Async_End: " + new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 方法中有 synchronized(this|object) {} 同步代码块
     */
    private void syncObjectBlock1() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "_SyncObjectBlock1: " + new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));
        synchronized (this) {
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "_SyncObjectBlock1_Start: " + new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "_SyncObjectBlock1_End: " + new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * synchronized 修饰非静态方法
     */
    private synchronized void syncObjectMethod1() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "_SyncObjectMethod1: " + new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));
        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "_SyncObjectMethod1_Start: " + new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "_SyncObjectMethod1_End: " + new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void syncClassBlock1() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "_SyncClassBlock1: " + new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));
        synchronized (SyncThread.class) {
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "_SyncClassBlock1_Start: " + new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "_SyncClassBlock1_End: " + new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    private synchronized static void syncClassMethod1() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "_SyncClassMethod1: " + new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));
        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "_SyncClassMethod1_Start: " + new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "_SyncClassMethod1_End: " + new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

package com.interview.javabasic.thread;

public class SyncDemo {
    public static void main(String... args) {
        SyncThread syncThread = new SyncThread();
        Thread A_thread1 = new Thread(syncThread, "A_thread1");
        Thread A_thread2 = new Thread(syncThread, "A_thread2");
        Thread B_thread1 = new Thread(syncThread, "B_thread1");
        Thread B_thread2 = new Thread(syncThread, "B_thread2");
        Thread C_thread1 = new Thread(syncThread, "C_thread1");
        Thread C_thread2 = new Thread(syncThread, "C_thread2");
        Thread D_thread1 = new Thread(syncThread, "D_thread1");
        Thread D_thread2 = new Thread(syncThread, "D_thread2");
        Thread E_thread1 = new Thread(syncThread, "E_thread1");
        Thread E_thread2 = new Thread(syncThread, "E_thread2");
        A_thread1.start();
        A_thread2.start();
        B_thread1.start();
        B_thread2.start();
        C_thread1.start();
        C_thread2.start();
        D_thread1.start();
        D_thread2.start();
        E_thread1.start();
        E_thread2.start();
    }
}

如果改为Thread A_thread1 = new Thread(new syncThread, “A_thread1”);

将全部异步。